Cryptography

Encoding

Changes data from one format to another

• Reversible
• Not secure

• Methods:
  • UTF-8
  • Binary
  • Hex
  • Base64

Hashing

Converts data to a fixed length code (hash)

• Not reversible
• Secure (used for passwords)

• Methods:
  • SHA-256
  • BCrypt
  • Argon2

Encryption

Converts data into an unreadable form

• Reversible (with key)
• Secure

• Methods:
  • AES
  • RSA

SSH

SSH uses encryption and hashing

• Encryption
  • Encrypts the communication between a client and a server so no one can read the traffic.
• Hashing
  • Verifying data integrity and key fingerprints.